Biblical Studies and Theology: What’s The Difference?

When you’re considering an advanced degree in religion, deciding between biblical studies and theological studies can be challenging, especially when both fields offer rich and rewarding educational paths. While they may sound similar, each discipline brings a distinct approach to understanding faith and scripture.

What Is Biblical Studies?

What Is Theological Studies?

Biblical Studies Degrees

Theological Studies Degrees

Do Catholics Pursue Biblical Studies Degrees?

Frequently Asked Questions

What Is Biblical Studies?

Biblical Studies is an academic discipline focused specifically on the study of the Bible, encompassing the analysis of both the Hebrew Bible (Old Testament) and the Christian (New Testament). The field takes historical, literary, and theological approaches to understanding biblical texts.

Biblical studies explores the various genres within the Bible, including poetry, prophecy, and narrative, and considers the influence and interpretation of the Bible throughout history. Biblical scholars investigate the cultural and historical contexts in which these texts were written; they may also learn ancient languages, such as Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek, in order to read the texts in their original form.

To gain a comprehensive understanding of these sacred texts, scholars examine how the collection of books that make up the Bible were chosen, compiled, and transmitted throughout history. Through critical methods that include textual, literary, and social-scientific criticism, biblical studies also considers the Bible’s impact on art, literature, and culture around the world.

What Is Bible Study?

Though the phrase sounds very similar, Bible study is not the same as biblical studies.

Bible study is a religious practice focused on reading and interpreting the Bible, often conducted in group settings in churches and faith-based organizations. The purpose of Bible study is for participants to discuss how to apply biblical teachings to their personal faith and daily lives, including through activities like prayer and personal reflection. These sessions often use study guides or devotional materials and emphasize spiritual growth and community building.

In contrast, biblical studies is a formal academic discipline that focuses on the critical analysis and historical context of the Bible. While Bible study is typically devotional and personal — aimed at the practical application of faith-based activities — biblical studies is scholarly, often conducted from a secular perspective, and requires specialized knowledge and training. Bible study tends to be more accessible to the general public and emphasizes communal and spiritual aspects, whereas biblical studies emphasizes scholarly research and critical thinking, such as in a graduate degree program.

What Is Theological Studies?

Theology is the study of the nature of God and religious beliefs. It explores concepts such as the divine, faith, and spirituality and addresses profound questions about the existence of God, the problem of evil, and the nature of salvation. It involves systematic thinking about religious doctrines and practices with the goal of understanding and explaining religious experiences and traditions. Theology can either be specific to a particular religion or comparative across multiple faiths.

Theological studies is the academic discipline that examines religious beliefs and practices through critical analysis and interpretation of religious texts and traditions. It engages with the historical, philosophical, and cultural contexts of religion, exploring how religious doctrines have developed and impacted societies over time. Theological studies integrates various academic approaches, including historical-critical, philosophical, and sociological, and often involves interdisciplinary collaboration with fields such as history and philosophy. It may also include practical theology, which applies theological insights to real-world situations and ministry contexts.

Biblical Studies Degrees

Multiple types of degrees focus on biblical studies, both at the undergraduate and graduate levels. While each degree program has a similar curricular foundation, their intended outcomes vary.

• Associate’s and Bachelor’s Degrees in Biblical Studies An associate’s degree in biblical studies provides foundational knowledge in the Bible, including introductory courses on its texts, languages, and historical contexts. This degree is typically offered at community colleges or religious institutions and serves as a stepping stone for further academic or ministry pursuits.
  
  As the next step above an associate’s degree, a bachelor’s degree in biblical studies offers a more comprehensive exploration of biblical texts, including the in-depth study of both the Old and New Testaments, biblical languages (such as Hebrew and Greek), and the historical and cultural context of scripture. This undergraduate degree prepares students for advanced studies or entry-level positions in religious education or ministry.
  
• Master’s Degree in Biblical Studies
  A master’s degree in biblical studies provides advanced academic training in the analysis and interpretation of biblical texts. This degree focuses on specialized topics within biblical studies, such as textual criticism, hermeneutics (biblical interpretation), or specific books of the Bible. It often requires students to complete comprehensive exams or a thesis, and it prepares them for further academic research, teaching, or leadership roles in church settings.
  
• Master of Divinity (MDiv) with a Concentration in Biblical Studies
  A Master of Divinity (MDiv) with a concentration in biblical studies is a professional degree designed for those pursuing pastoral or ministerial roles. This degree combines comprehensive theological education with a specialized focus on biblical studies. Students engage in advanced biblical analysis while also receiving training in pastoral care, preaching, and church leadership.
  
• Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Biblical Studies
  A Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in biblical studies is the highest academic degree in this field and emphasizes original research and scholarly contributions. PhD candidates conduct in-depth research on specialized topics within biblical studies and contribute new insights to the academic community. The program includes coursework, comprehensive exams, and the completion of a dissertation based on original research, preparing graduates for careers in academia, research, or high-level consulting roles.
• Doctor of Theology (ThD) in Biblical Studies
  A Doctor of Theology (ThD) in biblical studies is similar to the PhD but may place a stronger emphasis on theological implications and applications. This advanced degree involves rigorous research and scholarship in biblical studies and often focuses on integrating theological insights with practical ministry applications. The ThD prepares individuals for roles in advanced teaching, research, and theological leadership.
• Certificate Programs in Biblical Studies
  Certificate programs in biblical studies are shorter, focused programs designed to provide training in a specific field. Students can pursue these certificates alongside other degrees or as standalone qualifications in specific topics or skills, such as biblical languages or interpretation techniques. They are useful for individuals seeking to enhance their knowledge or credentials in biblical studies without committing to a full degree program.
  

What Can You Do With a Biblical Studies Degree?

A degree in biblical studies can open the door to a variety of careers within religious, educational, and nonprofit settings. Bear in mind that many of the potential career paths may require further education or training.

• Religious Educator: Develops and teaches religious education programs in churches, schools, or religious institutions, focusing on sacred doctrine and biblical knowledge. A higher degree (master’s or PhD) is required to teach at the collegiate level; may also call for additional education in pedagogy and curriculum development.
• Director of Religious Education: Oversees educational programs and curricula within religious institutions, ensuring alignment with doctrinal standards. May require additional training in education administration and curriculum development.
• Religious Researcher: Conducts academic research and contributes to scholarly publications in biblical studies, exploring various aspects of biblical texts and their contexts. A higher degree (master’s or PhD) is often required for advanced research positions.
• Writer or Author: Writes books, articles, or devotionals on biblical topics, often for religious publications or as independent authors.
• Editor or Publisher: Works with religious publications, books, or journals, overseeing content development, editing, and production. May benefit from additional training in publishing, editing, or journalism.
• Theological Librarian: Manages collections and resources in theological libraries in support of academic research and study. Typically requires a degree in library science or information studies.
• Youth Pastor or Youth Ministry Leader: Leads and mentors youth groups within a church or religious organization, focusing on spiritual development and community building. May require additional training in youth ministry or pastoral care.
• Missionary: Spreads religious teachings and provides services in various cultural and geographic locations, often focusing on community development and evangelism. May require additional training in cultural studies, foreign languages, and practical ministry skills, such as leading worship services or performing sacraments.
• Chaplain: Provides individual spiritual care in secular settings such as hospitals, prisons, the military, or universities. Often entails specialized training in chaplaincy and may require certification or ordination.
• Christian Counselor: Provides faith-based counseling and support services, integrating psychological principles with biblical teachings. Typically requires a degree in counseling or psychology and professional licensure.
• Nonprofit Professional: Works with faith-based or charitable organizations, often in roles related to program development, community outreach, or administration. May benefit from additional training in nonprofit management or social work.
• Church Administrator: Manages the operations and administrative functions of a church, including finances, facilities, and staffing. May benefit from additional education in business administration or management.
• Public Speaker: Speaks at religious conferences, workshops, and events, sharing insights on biblical topics and religious themes.

Theological Studies Degrees

The options for degrees in theological studies are a little broader than those for biblical studies, since theological studies incorporate more academic disciplines, and in turn are a key component in more types of degree programs. For example, someone studying to become an ordained priest will study theology, as will a lay educator, even though these two individuals may be pursuing different degrees.

• Associate’s and Bachelor’s Degrees in Theological Studies An associate’s degree in theological studies provides an introductory education in theology, covering basic concepts of religious belief, scriptural studies, and religious history. This degree typically takes two years and prepares students for entry-level roles in religious settings or further education.
  
  A bachelor’s degree in theological studies offers a more comprehensive education in theology, including deeper study of scripture, church history, ethics, and pastoral care. This four-year undergraduate degree prepares students for advanced theological education or various roles within religious institutions.
• Master’s Degree in Theological Studies (MTS) A Master of Theological Studies (MTS) is an advanced academic degree designed to provide students with a broad understanding of theological concepts, religious traditions, and scriptural interpretations. An MTS program includes coursework in areas such as biblical studies, church history, ethics, and systematic theology and is suitable for those seeking to deepen their theological knowledge or pursue careers in religious education, research, or ministry. This degree typically requires two years of full-time study.
• Master of Divinity (MDiv) The Master of Divinity (MDiv) is a professional graduate degree designed for those pursuing pastoral or ministerial roles. The MDiv program combines comprehensive theological education with practical training in areas such as pastoral care, preaching, and church leadership. This degree prepares students for ordination and effective ministry within church settings. The MDiv typically requires three to four years of full-time study.
• Master of Arts in Theology (MA) A Master of Arts in Theology is a postgraduate degree that offers more focused, academic theological education beyond the MDiv. An MA program focuses on specialized areas of theology, providing in-depth study and research opportunities. This degree is designed for those who wish to enhance their theological expertise, pursue academic teaching, or prepare for doctoral studies. The MA typically requires one to two years of study.
• Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Theology A Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in theology is the highest academic degree in the field, emphasizing original research and scholarly contributions. PhD candidates conduct in-depth research on specialized theological topics, contributing new insights to the academic community. A PhD program includes coursework, comprehensive exams, and the completion of a dissertation based on original research. This degree prepares graduates for careers in academia, research, and high-level consulting roles in theology.
• Doctor of Theology (ThD) A Doctor of Theology (ThD) is an advanced academic degree similar to the PhD, but with a focus on the practical implications and applications of theological study. A ThD program involves rigorous research and scholarship in theology, often integrating theological insights with practical ministry applications. This degree prepares individuals for roles in advanced teaching, research, and theological leadership.
• Doctor of Ministry (DMin) A Doctor of Ministry (DMin) is a professional doctorate designed for those engaged in ministry practice. A DMin program focuses on applying advanced theological insights to real-world ministry contexts, enhancing leadership skills, and developing effective ministry strategies. This degree is designed for experienced ministers seeking to deepen their theological understanding and improve their practical ministry skills. The DMin typically requires several years of part-time study, including coursework and a major project or dissertation.
• Certificate Programs in Theological Studies Certificate programs in theological studies are shorter, more focused programs that provide instruction in specific areas of theology. These certificates can complement other degrees or serve as standalone qualifications, covering topics such as theological literature, pastoral care, or religious education. Certificate programs are useful for individuals seeking to enhance their theological knowledge or credentials without committing to a full degree program. They typically require a few months to one year of study.

What Can You Do With a Theological Studies Degree?

Graduates with a degree in theological studies are well prepared for many of the same careers as those with a biblical studies degree, with a few more secular job options available. Again, many of the following professions may require additional education.

• Religious Educator: Develops and teaches religious education programs in schools, churches, or faith-based institutions, covering scripture, ethics, and religious history. May require additional training in education or pedagogy.
• Interfaith Dialogue Coordinator: Facilitates conversations and cooperation between different religious traditions to promote mutual understanding and peace. Training in interfaith studies or conflict resolution may be beneficial.
• Theology Professor: Teaches theology, religious studies, and biblical studies at colleges, universities, or seminaries. Typically requires a PhD or ThD in theology or a related field.
• Missionary: Engages in evangelism and community service in various cultural settings, focusing on spreading religious teachings and aiding community development. Additional training in cultural studies, foreign languages, and practical ministry skills may be beneficial.
• Christian Counselor: Provides faith-based counseling services, integrating theological principles with psychological counseling techniques to support individuals or groups. Typically requires a degree in counseling or psychology and professional licensure.
• Social Justice Advocate: Promotes social justice and advocates for marginalized communities, often through faith-based organizations or initiatives. Training in social work, law, or public policy can be beneficial.
• Lawyer: Represents and advises clients in legal matters, particularly in fields like human rights, family law, or any area involving moral and ethical dilemmas. Requires a Juris Doctorate and professional licensure.
• Ethicist: Analyzes and provides guidance on ethical issues from a religious perspective, often working in academic, healthcare, or corporate settings. Advanced studies in ethics or related fields may be required.
• Writer or Author: Writes books, articles, devotionals, or other content focused on theological themes for religious publications or as an independent author.

• Religious Researcher: Conducts academic research on theological and religious topics, contributing to scholarly publications and studies. A higher degree (master’s or PhD) is often required for advanced research positions.
• Nonprofit Professional: Works in faith-based or charitable organizations, focusing on program development, community outreach, or administrative roles. May benefit from additional training in nonprofit management or social work.
• Youth Pastor or Youth Ministry Leader: Leads and mentors youth groups within a church or religious organization, focusing on spiritual growth and community engagement. Additional training in youth ministry or pastoral care is often beneficial.
• Church Administrator: Manages the operations and administrative functions of a church, including finances, facilities, and staffing.
• Director of Religious Education: Oversees educational programs and curricula within religious institutions, ensuring alignment with doctrinal standards and educational goals. May require additional training in education administration and curriculum development.
• Theological Librarian: Manages collections and resources in theological libraries, supporting academic research and study in theology. Typically requires a degree in library science or information studies.
• Public Speaker: Speaks at religious conferences, workshops, and events, sharing insights on theological topics and religious themes.
• Editor or Publisher: Works with religious publications, books, or journals, overseeing content development, editing, and production processes. May benefit from additional training in publishing, editing, or journalism.
• Spiritual Director: Provides spiritual guidance and support to individuals or groups, helping them deepen their spiritual lives and discernment processes. Certification in spiritual direction is often required.

Do Catholics Pursue Biblical Studies Degrees?

Degrees in theology or religious studies at Catholic universities typically include biblical studies in their curriculum, providing students with a thorough understanding of the Bible. However, people who follow the Catholic faith often do not pursue degrees specifically in biblical studies for several reasons.

Catholic institutions tend to prioritize broader degrees in theology and religious education over specialized biblical studies. These degrees encompass a wider range of topics, integrating church tradition, magisterium (teaching authority), and scripture within a comprehensive theological framework. This approach ensures that students receive a well-rounded education that prepares them for various pastoral and ministry roles.

Catholic educational programs also focus on pastoral training, which equips students with the practical skills needed for ministry and service within the church. This training is often considered more essential than specialized academic study in biblical texts alone, especially for religious leadership roles.

While this is not always the case, some Catholic institutions de-emphasize historical-critical methods of biblical interpretation, which can sometimes challenge traditional faith perspectives. This is largely due to the long-standing Catholic tradition of relying on the church’s teaching authority for interpreting scripture. Robust catechetical (religious education) programs within the church provide comprehensive biblical education to congregants, which negates the need for specialized degrees in biblical studies.

Overall, the Catholic approach to religious education emphasizes a holistic understanding of theology that integrates biblical studies within a broader context of faith and tradition.

Informed by the Franciscan Catholic tradition, the Franciscan School of Theology offers a comprehensive and integrative approach to theological education. Our degree curricula emphasize a strong theological foundation and prepare students for diverse roles in ministry and pastoral work while ensuring a deep and nuanced understanding of biblical texts. We invite you to explore our degree programs and see how a theological education rooted in tradition and holistic learning can enrich your spiritual and professional journey.

For more information, visit the Franciscan School of Theology and start your transformative journey today.

Frequently Asked Questions

What’s the difference between biblical studies and theology?

Biblical studies focus specifically on the analysis and interpretation of the Bible, examining its historical context, literary forms, and theological messages. The field involves critical methods like textual and literary criticism, as well as studying the original languages of the Bible. Theology, on the other hand, is a broader discipline that explores the nature of God, religious beliefs, doctrines, and practices. It encompasses not only biblical studies but also systematic, historical, and practical theology, seeking to understand and explain religious experiences and traditions as a whole.

Can you get a degree in biblical studies?

Yes, higher education institutions offer various levels of degrees in this field, including associate’s, bachelor’s, master’s, and doctoral degrees. These programs provide in-depth study of the Bible, its languages, historical context, and interpretation, preparing students for careers in ministry, education, research, and other related fields.

What can you do with a biblical studies degree?

A degree in biblical studies opens up a range of career opportunities, including religious educator, missionary, religious researcher, nonprofit professional, youth pastor or youth ministry leader, or church administrator, to name a few. Some of these roles may require further education or specialized training.

Is biblical studies the same as Bible studies?

No, biblical studies and Bible studies are not the same. Biblical studies is an academic discipline that involves critical and scholarly analysis of the Bible, focusing on its historical context, literary forms, and theological messages. Scholars often pursue biblical studies in academic settings and approach it from either a secular or religious perspective. Bible studies, on the other hand, is a religious practice that involves reading and interpreting the Bible, often in group settings like churches or study circles. Bible studies aim to apply biblical teachings to personal faith and daily life, emphasizing spiritual growth and community building.